Map Prev
Lesson 8: Adjectives (اَلنَّعْت) Next
Lesson 8: ▶ Part 1: Adjective Agreement (Gender & Definiteness) Part 2: Adjective Case Agreement Part 3: Dialogue (Adjectives in Conversation) Part 4: Exercises (Adjectives) Part 5: Vocabulary (Adjectives)

Spot the Difference

In English, we say "A beautiful house". The adjective comes first. But in Arabic, you say the noun first, then you describe it! "A house beautiful".

Let's look at a sentence we learned in Lesson 4 next to a descriptive phrase. What is the only difference between the two boxes?

Lesson 4: A Complete Sentence
اَلْبَيْتُ جَدِيدٌ

The house is new.

Al-baytu jadeedun.
Lesson 8: A Descriptive Phrase
اَلْبَيْتُ اَلْـجَدِيدُ

The new house...

Al-baytul-jadeedu.

Did you spot the difference? It's just the word "AL" (ال)!
When we add "AL" to the second word, the magical "is" disappears, and it becomes an Adjective!

The Grammatical Rule

In Arabic, the Adjective (النَّعْت) acts like a stalker. It perfectly copies the noun it is stalking (the Man'oot) in two specific ways:

The Stalker Rule

1. Copy the "AL" (Definiteness)

If the noun has "AL", the adjective MUST have "AL". If the noun does not have "AL" (indefinite), the adjective cannot have "AL".

2. Copy the Vowel (I'rab)

If the noun ends in a Dammah `ُ`, the adjective MUST end in a Dammah `ُ`. If the noun ends in a Kasra `ِ`, the adjective must end in Kasra `ِ`!

3. Adjectives Vocabulary Review

You already know some of these from earlier lessons. Let's make sure we have them memorized so we can build sentences.

جَدِيدٌ
New
قَدِيمٌ
Old
كَبِيرٌ
Big
صَغِيرٌ
Small
جَمِيلٌ
Beautiful
قَبِيحٌ
Ugly
طَوِيلٌ
Tall / Long
قَصِيرٌ
Short
مَكْسُورٌ
Broken
مَفْتُوحٌ
Open

4. Sentence Construction Lab

Read these sentences aloud. Notice how the adjective (in green) stalks the noun (in blue) perfectly—copying both its "AL" and its final vowel!

The new teacher is in the classroom.
اَلْمُعَلِّمُ اَلْجَدِيدُ فِي اَلْفَصْلِ
The small student is in the mosque.
اَلطَّالِبُ اَلصَّغِيرُ فِي اَلْمَسْجِدِ
Where is the old book?
أَيْنَ اَلْكِتَابُ اَلْقَدِيمُ؟
The tall boy is in the house.
اَلْوَلَدُ اَلطَّوِيلُ فِي اَلْبَيْتِ
This is a new book.
هَذَا كِتَابٌ جَدِيدٌ
This is a big mosque.
هَذَا مَسْجِدٌ كَبِيرٌ
That is a short man.
ذَلِكَ رَجُلٌ قَصِيرٌ
The broken pen is on the desk.
اَلْقَلَمُ اَلْمَكْسُورُ عَلَى اَلْمَكْتَبِ

Adjectives (Na't) — Mirror Rule!

The adjective copies the noun in gender, definiteness, case, and number.