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Lesson 4: The Nominal Sentence Next
Lesson 4: ▶ Part 1: Nominal Sentence Part 2 Dialogue Exercises Vocabulary

Notice the Difference

Look at the following combinations of words. Notice how taking a specific noun and pairing it with a descriptive word creates a complete thought.

اَلْبَيْتُ
The house
Specific (Definite)
جَدِيدٌ
New
General (Indefinite)
اَلْبَيْتُ جَدِيدٌ
The house is new.
اَلْكِتَابُ
The book
Specific (Definite)
قَدِيمٌ
Old
General (Indefinite)
اَلْكِتَابُ قَدِيمٌ
The book is old.

The Grammatical Rule

A Nominal Sentence (اَلْجُمْلَةُ الإِسْمِيَّةُ) is a sentence that starts with a Ism (Noun). It is built using exactly two pieces:

1. The Subject (Mubtada')

مُبْتَدَأ

The thing you are talking about. It usually comes first on the right side.

Usually has "AL" (Definite)

2. The Predicate (Khabar)

خَبَر

The news or information describing the subject. The Predicate.

Usually does NOT have "AL" (Indefinite)
The Magic "Is" Rule:

There is no word for "is" or "are" in Arabic present tense sentences! When you place a definite noun (The Book) next to an indefinite descriptive noun (new), the word "is" magically appears in translation to form a complete thought.

3. Descriptive Nouns (Opposites)

You need descriptive words to act as your Khabar (Predicates). Let\'s learn some common opposites! Pay attention to the Tanween at the end, as these are indefinite.

جَدِيدٌ
New
قَدِيمٌ
Old
صَغِيرٌ
Small
كَبِيرٌ
Big
مَفْتُوحٌ
Open
مُغْلَقٌ
Closed / Shut
مَكْسُورٌ
Broken
سَلِيمٌ
Intact / Sound
ثَقِيلٌ
Heavy
خَفِيفٌ
Light (weight)
جَمِيلٌ
Beautiful
قَبِيحٌ
Ugly
وَاقِفٌ
Standing
جَالِسٌ
Sitting
حَارٌّ
Hot
بَارِدٌ
Cold
نَظِيفٌ
Clean
وَسِخٌ
Dirty
بَعِيدٌ
Far
قَرِيبٌ
Near / Close

4. Sentence Construction Lab

Read these complete sentences aloud using the nouns from our previous lessons. Identify the Mubtada (Subject) and the Khabar (Predicate).

The door is open.
اَلْبَابُ مَفْتُوحٌ
The pen is broken.
اَلْقَلَمُ مَكْسُورٌ
The book is new.
اَلْكِتَابُ جَدِيدٌ
The man is sitting.
اَلرَّجُلُ جَالِسٌ
The student is standing.
اَلطَّالِبُ وَاقِفٌ
The boy is small.
اَلْوَلَدُ صَغِيرٌ
The mosque is big.
اَلْمَسْجِدُ كَبِيرٌ
The water is cold.
اَلْمَاءُ بَارِدٌ
The stone is heavy.
اَلْحَجَرُ ثَقِيلٌ
The paper is light.
اَلْوَرَقُ خَفِيفٌ
The mosque is far.
اَلْمَسْجِدُ بَعِيدٌ
The house is near.
اَلْبَيْتُ قَرِيبٌ
Note: Did you notice the vowel sounds at the ends of these words? In the next lesson, you will learn exactly why the Subject uses a single Dammah `ُ` and the Predicate uses a double Dammah `ٌ`.

Nominal Sentence!

Mubtada' and Khabar — you are building real Arabic sentences!