The Gender System

In Arabic, every word has a soul! It is either Masculine (Mudhakkarr) or Feminine (Mu'annath). There is no "it"!

1. The Two Pillars

Masculine (مُذَكَّر)

Nouns that refer to males or objects that don't have feminine signs.

قَلَمٌ
Qalamun (Pen)

Feminine (مُؤَنَّث)

Nouns that refer to females or objects that have the "feminine sign".

مِسطَرَةٌ
Mistaratun (Ruler)

2. The 3 Signature Signs of Femininity

When a word isn't "physically" female, we look for these 3 special endings.

ة
Ta-Marbuta

The most common sign.

بَقَرَةٌ
Cow
ى
Alif Maqsurah

Looks like a 'Ya' without dots.

سَلْمَى
Salma (Name)
اء
Alif Mamdoodah

A long stretching Alif.

صَحْرَاءُ
Desert
Masculine (Origin) The Feminine Signature Meaning
مُعَلِّمٌ مُعَلِّمَةٌ (ة) Teacher
طَالِبٌ طَالِبَةٌ (ة) Student
طَبِيبٌ طَبِيبَةٌ (ة) Doctor
مُهَنْدِسٌ مُهَنْدِسَةٌ (ة) Engineer
أَحْمَرُ حَمْرَاءُ (اء) Red
صَغِيرٌ صُغْرَى (ى) Smallest

3. People & Family

Some human nouns are "Natural Pairs". They don't always follow the Ta-Marbuta rule.

M F
أَبٌ
Father
vs
أُمٌّ
Mother
M F
اِبْنٌ
Son
vs
اِبْنَةٌ
Daughter
M F
أَخٌ
Brother
vs
أُخْتٌ
Sister
M F
جَدٌّ
Grandfather
vs
جَدَّةٌ
Grandmother
M F
عَمٌّ
Uncle (P)
vs
عَمَّةٌ
Aunt (P)
M F
خَالٌ
Uncle (M)
vs
خَالَةٌ
Aunt (M)
M F
رَجُلٌ
Man
vs
اِمْرَأَةٌ
Woman
M F
وَلَدٌ
Boy
vs
بِنْتٌ
Girl

4. Animals (Pets & Wild)

M
قِطٌّ
Male Cat
F
قِطَّةٌ
Female Cat
M
كَلْبٌ
Dog
F
كَلْبَةٌ
Female Dog
M
أَسَدٌ
Lion
F
لَبُؤَةٌ
Lioness
M
جَمَلٌ
Camel
F
نَاقَةٌ
She-Camel
M
حِصَانٌ
Horse
F
فَرَسٌ
Mare
M
دِيكٌ
Rooster
F
دَجَاجَةٌ
Hen

5. Objects & Things

In Arabic, even non-living objects have gender! Tables, chairs, and pens are either boys or girls.

Masculine Objects (M)
كِتَابٌ
Book
قَلَمٌ
Pen
مَكْتَبٌ
Desk
بَابٌ
Door
كُرْسِيٌّ
Chair
دَفْتَرٌ
Notebook
مِصْبَاحٌ
Lamp
جِدَارٌ
Wall
سَقْفٌ
Ceiling
شِبَّاكٌ
Window
Feminine Objects (F)
سَبُّورَةٌ
Board
نَافِذَةٌ
Window
مِمْحَاةٌ
Eraser
مِبْرَاةٌ
Sharpener
خَرِيطَةٌ
Map
سَاعَةٌ
Clock/Watch
وَرَقَةٌ
Paper
طَاوِلَةٌ
Table
حَقِيبَةٌ
Bag
مِحْفَظَةٌ
Wallet

6. Bodies & Countries

The Body Pairs

Parts that come in pairs are Feminine

عَيْنٌ
Eye
يَدٌ
Hand
أُذُنٌ
Ear
رِجْلٌ
Leg
أَنْفٌ
Nose
فَمٌ
Mouth

The Global Map

Cities & Countries are Feminine

99% of geographical names are treated as **Mu'annath**.
مَكَّةُ
Makkah
مِصْرُ
Egypt
دِمَشْقُ
Damascus
بَغْدَادُ
Baghdad
جُدَّةُ
Jeddah
الْمَدِينَةُ
Madinah

The Mystery of Many (Broken Plurals)

In Arabic, if you take a group of non-living things (like a bunch of **Books** or **Trees**), the language treats the whole group as a **Single Lady**! We call this rule "Kullu jam'in mu'annath".

7. The Story of the Silent Feminines

Some words are feminine just because "The Arabs said so". Use this story to remember them easily!

During a حَرْبٌ (War), a soldier was daydreaming, looking up at the سَمَاءٌ (Sky) until the شَمْسٌ (Sun) came up. When he snapped out of it, he realized he was the only نَفْسٌ (Soul) left on the battlefield. He was surrounded by نَارٌ (Fire), so he used a دَلْوٌ (Bucket) full of water to make a سَبِيلٌ (Path) and a طَرِيقٌ (Road) all the way to safer أَرْضٌ (Earth). In the hot blowing رِيحٌ (Wind), he was desperately looking for a بِئْرٌ (Well) to draw water from. In his search, he found an empty دَارٌ (House), inside which he found a كَأْسٌ (Cup) full of خَمْرٌ (Wine). He was tempted, despite his fear of جَهَنَّمُ (Hell) and سَعِيرٌ (Blazing Fire) to take a sip, but he warded off his temptation and used his عَصَا (Staff) to strike the drink!

Vocabulary Snapshot

حَرْبٌ
Harb
War
سَمَاءٌ
Samaa
Sky
شَمْسٌ
Shams
Sun
نَفْسٌ
Nafs
Soul
نَارٌ
Naar
Fire
دَلْوٌ
Dalw
Bucket
سَبِيلٌ
Sabeel
Path
طَرِيقٌ
Tariq
Road
أَرْضٌ
Ard
Earth
رِيحٌ
Reeh
Wind
بِئْرٌ
Bi'r
Well
دَارٌ
Daar
House
كَأْسٌ
Ka's
Cup
خَمْرٌ
Khamr
Wine
جَهَنَّمُ
Jahannam
Hell
سَعِيرٌ
Sa'eer
Blaze
عَصَا
Asaa
Staff

8. THE GENDER CHALLENGE

Can you turn these masculine people into feminine ones? Add the Ta-Marbuta (ة)!

Cook
طَبَّاخٌ
ة
طَبَّاخَةٌ
Tailor
خَيَّاطٌ
ة
خَيَّاطَةٌ
Manager
مُدِيرٌ
ة
مُدِيرَةٌ
Muslim
مُسْلِمٌ
ة
مُسْلِمَةٌ
Believer
مُؤْمِنٌ
ة
مُؤْمِنَةٌ
Truthful
صَادِقٌ
ة
صَادِقَةٌ
Scholar
عَالِمٌ
ة
عَالِمَةٌ
Writer
كَاتِبٌ
ة
كَاتِبَةٌ
Reader
قَارِئٌ
ة
قَارِئَةٌ
Player
لَاعِبٌ
ة
لَاعِبَةٌ
Artist
رَسَّامٌ
ة
رَسَّامَةٌ
Neighbor
جَارٌ
ة
جَارَةٌ
Guest
ضَيْفٌ
ة
ضَيْفَةٌ
Companion
رَفِيقٌ
ة
رَفِيقَةٌ
Traveler
مُسَافِرٌ
ة
مُسَافِرَةٌ

9. MASSIVE GENDER DICTIONARY

Practice reading these pairs. Notice the patterns!

مُجْتَهِدٌ
Hardworking (M)
مُجْتَهِدَةٌ
Hardworking (F)
كَسْلَانُ
Lazy (M)
كَسْلَى
Lazy (F)
عَطْشَانُ
Thirsty (M)
عَطْشَى
Thirsty (F)
جَوْعَانُ
Hungry (M)
جَوْعَى
Hungry (F)
غَضْبَانُ
Angry (M)
غَضْبَى
Angry (F)
فَرْحَانٌ
Happy (M)
فَرْحَانَةٌ
Happy (F)
حَزِينٌ
Sad (M)
حَزِينَةٌ
Sad (F)
مَرِيضٌ
Sick (M)
مَرِيضَةٌ
Sick (F)
قَوِيٌّ
Strong (M)
قَوِيَّةٌ
Strong (F)
ضَعِيفٌ
Weak (M)
ضَعِيفَةٌ
Weak (F)
صَغِيرٌ
Small (M)
صَغِيرَةٌ
Small (F)
كَبِيرٌ
Big (M)
كَبِيرَةٌ
Big (F)
قَصِيرٌ
Short (M)
قَصِيرَةٌ
Short (F)
طَوِيلٌ
Tall (M)
طَوِيلَةٌ
Tall (F)
قَرِيبٌ
Near (M)
قَرِيبَةٌ
Near (F)
بَعِيدٌ
Far (M)
بَعِيدَةٌ
Far (F)
نَظِيفٌ
Clean (M)
نَظِيفَةٌ
Clean (F)
وَسِخٌ
Dirty (M)
وَسِخَةٌ
Dirty (F)
بَارِدٌ
Cold (M)
بَارِدَةٌ
Cold (F)
حَارٌّ
Hot (M)
حَارَّةٌ
Hot (F)
لَذِيذٌ
Tasty (M)
لَذِيذَةٌ
Tasty (F)
مُرٌّ
Bitter (M)
مُرَّةٌ
Bitter (F)
حُلْوٌ
Sweet (M)
حُلْوَةٌ
Sweet (F)
حَامِضٌ
Sour (M)
حَامِضَةٌ
Sour (F)
غَالٍ
Expensive (M)
غَالِيَةٌ
Expensive (F)
رَخِيصٌ
Cheap (M)
رَخِيصَةٌ
Cheap (F)
سَرِيعٌ
Fast (M)
سَرِيعَةٌ
Fast (F)
بَطِيءٌ
Slow (M)
بَطِيءَةٌ
Slow (F)
نَشِيطٌ
Energetic (M)
نَشِيطَةٌ
Energetic (F)
نَائِمٌ
Sleeping (M)
نَائِمَةٌ
Sleeping (F)
قَائِمٌ
Standing (M)
قَائِمَةٌ
Standing (F)
جَالِسٌ
Sitting (M)
جَالِسَةٌ
Sitting (F)
مَشْهُورٌ
Famous (M)
مَشْهُورَةٌ
Famous (F)
غَرِيبٌ
Strange (M)
غَرِيبَةٌ
Strange (F)
مُفِيدٌ
Useful (M)
مُفِيدَةٌ
Useful (F)
سَهْلٌ
Easy (M)
سَهْلَةٌ
Easy (F)
صَعْبٌ
Difficult (M)
صَعْبَةٌ
Difficult (F)
مُمِلٌّ
Boring (M)
مُمِلَّةٌ
Boring (F)
مُمْتِعٌ
Fun (M)
مُمْتِعَةٌ
Fun (F)
غَنِيٌّ
Rich (M)
غَنِيَّةٌ
Rich (F)
فَقِيرٌ
Poor (M)
فَقِيرَةٌ
Poor (F)

Lesson Complete!

MASHALLAH! You have successfully mastered the concept of Gender in Arabic. You can now distinguish between Masculine and Feminine like a pro!

Concepts

Understood the fundamental rules of Mudhakkarr and Mu'annath in Arabic.

The Sign

Mastered identifying Ta-Marbuta and the hidden feminine signs in languages.

Vocabulary

Practiced over 100 high-frequency nouns and their gender transformations.